https://lia4.lvivcenter.org/en/themes/socialist-city/Socialist City
Socialist City
ID:
4
The theme highlights the objects, constructed in Lviv during the period of Soviet Union.
Story
During socialism spaces were invested with
ideological meaning and the spaces of everyday life – places of leisure,
learning, consumption and domesticity – were no less important as sites for
ideological intervention than the more obvious "socialist spaces."
The Soviet narrative gave meaning to the structure and functioning of the city.
The objects marked with this theme on the interactive map portray the typical
socialist organization of public and private spaces and its representative
buildings which remind of the urban space anywhere else in the former socialist
block. This theme brings together official discourses and urban planning with
personal stories about the construction and everyday experience of the
socialist city. In addition it leads into an exploration of the material
culture – specific artifacts and buildings – that marked residents’ existence
during those years.
The creators of the monument to Markian Shashkewych were famous Lvivan sculptors Dmytro Krvavych and Mykola Posikira. The grand opening of the monument took place on September 15, 1990 on Copernicus Street, at the site of the ruined seminary Church of the Holy Spirit.
The monument to the printing pioneer was established in 1977, primarily to emphasize the cultural ties between Moscow and Lviv. Today the area around the monument is known for the fact that used books and other, often rare, things are sold here.
Monument to Doctors Who Died During World War II is located in the center of a flowerbed in front of the oldest building of the Medical University (Pekarska 52). This the work of sculptor Petro Kushnir and architect Apolon Ohranovych, completed in 1975.
The graduating diploma project by Lviv sculptor Anatolii Halian, graduate of the Lviv Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts (now the Academy of Art, 2009), was placed in the courtyard of St. Onufria church on B. Khmelnytskoho Street in 1971. The work is a three-figured thematic composition of a printer and his apprentices. The church itself – where Ivan Fedorov was buried in 1583 – used to house the Museum of the History of Ukrainian Books and Printing, a branch of the Lviv Picture Gallery. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the monastery and St. Onufria Church complex was returned to its former owners, the Basilian order. The Museum of Printing, which is now known as the Museum of Early Ukrainian Handwritten Books, is currently located in the park that surrounds the Pototski Palace on Kopernika Street 15, with a sculptural composition "First Printers" in front of the entrance to the museum.
(50 Pekarska Street, 1960’s). The building of the Lviv State Academy of Veterinary Medicine was built in the Stalinist Heoclassical style; the design was completed in 1961 in the studio of a well-known Soviet architect, I. Zholtovskyi. The building is located on Pekarska Street after the intersection with Tershakivtsiv Street and is a dominant architectural feature of the street. A memorial plaque in honor of the Academy Professor Stepan Grzycki can be seen on the façade of the main building. This architectural site is a characteristic example of Stalinist Heoclassicism; it has historic value as a building connected with the activities of Stepan Grzycki. It is a historic monument of local significance.
The monument was set up in 1970. Its authors were sculptors Dmytro Krvavych,
Emanuil Mysko, Yaroslav Motyka, monumental artist Oleksandr Pyrozhkov, and
architects Myron Vendzylovych and Apolon Ohranovych. Today the presence of the
monument is the subject of heated debate. In 2007 the inscription "Glory to
the Soviet Army" was replaced by "To the winners over Nazism".
The monument to the Stalin Constitution was constructed in 1940 on the “island” at the intersection of today's Svobody Boulevard, Hnatiuka Street, and Sviatoho Dukha Square. The monument was made of plywood and covered in concrete. The friendship of the peoples was symbolized by figures that stood in the lower part of the composition, which consisted of five columns. These were cement figures of a Red Army soldier, a worker, a mother with child, a female student, an a villager with a boy. The monument also bore inscriptions in Ukrainian, Polish and Hebrew.
In 1948, a monument to Ivan Franko was erected in front of the Home Museum of Ivan Franko (Ivana Franka Street 150-152). This is a bust of Franko placed on a low pedestal. The creator of this first monument to Ivan Franko in Lviv was the sculptor Pyvovarov.
An initiative to set up a monument to victims of the Lviv ghetto was
taken by the Sholem Aleichem Society of Jewish Culture (1988). The monument was
installed in 1992 under a project designed by sculptor Luiza Shterenshtein and
architect Vasyl Plikhivskyi. A place near the railway bridge was chosen for its
location, where the main entrance to the ghetto had been located.
The O.
Dovzhenko Cinema is located in the common public center of the
residential district of Sykhiv. It was built in 1987 according to an
individual project based on the typical functional design. The
project was drawn up by a group of authors that consisted of
architects Anatoliy Vashchak, Vasyl Kamenshchyk, Yevheniya Minkova
and constructors M. Bachynskyi and Y. Khrobak. Considering its style
features, the building belongs to the modernist style.
Three
State departments are housed in the building: the Department of
Statistics, the State Committee on Land Resources, and the Machine
Calculation Center. The structure went up between 1962-1967, designed
by Myron Benzylovych and constructed in late-soviet Modernist style.
As of 2012, the above-mentioned State departments share the premises
with several private companies leasing space there
The
Vilna Ukraina Print Works and Publishing House was built in
1974, Volodymyr Doroshenko, architect. The style of construction –
Industrial Soviet Modernism. As of 2012, the premises are occupied
by the Vilna Ukraina Publishing offices, Ukrvydavpolihrafia,
the editorial offices of the Vysoky Zamok newspaper,
Ukrainskyi Shlyakh, Aviso, and Pricekurant magazine.
Remaining warehouse and office space is occupied by a car dealership,
a bank branch, a pool hall, as well as commercial printers.
Academic Center #2 at Lviv Polytechnic National University appeared in 1976, a project of the Lviv Polytechnic Institute Student Planning and Design Bureau with Iryna Rusanova the lead architect and Victor Kvasha, chief engineer. Modernist structure containing lecture halls and laboratories. As of 2013 it continues to function as an academic center for the Building and Environmental Engineering Institute.
The refectory at Lviv Polytechnic National University (prior to 1993, Lviv Polytechnic Institute) was built between 1927-78, designed by Ivan Petryshyn and Victor Kravtsov in a Modernist style. The building houses cafeterias, a student dining room seating 850, and a food storage area. As of 2013, the structure retains its original function.
The Lviv Polytechnical National University Laboratory and Academic Center #1 was built in 1965-66; the project was headed by Ivan Bahenskyi who worked with the architects Roman Lypka, Andriy Rudnytskyi, and Mykola Mykula. The structure is in the Modernist style. The building is comprised on lecture and instruction auditoriums, an assembly hall, and student cafeteria. As of 2013, it serves as an academic center for Lviv Polytechnical.
Academic
Building #5 of Lviv National Polytechnic University was constructed
between 1966 and 1972 on a Modernist design by architects Muza
Konsulova, V. Holdovskyi, and H. Rakhuba as a lecture and laboratory
center for the University’s power engineering department. As of
2013 the structure is in use as a lecture, study, and laboratory
center of Lviv Polytechnic.
The Mistoproekt
State Institute of Urban Planning building was erected as a research
and development laboratory of the Dipromist Institute
(Technical Archives, 1979, 76). It was built between 1980-1987, led
by the team of construction engineer, Vasyl Boykiv and the architects
Mykola Stolyarov, Zinovyi Pidlisnyi, and Vasyl Kamenshchyk (Biriulyov,
2008, 624-720).
The architectural
style: soviet postmodernist. As of 2012, Mistoproekt shares
occupancy of the building with a number of other state and private
commercial entities.
Vul. Pekarska – monument to Doctors who Died during World War II
Vul. Kopernyka – monument to the First Printers by the Book Museum
Pl. Pidkovy – monument to Ivan Pidkova
Vul. Pekarska, 50 – Veterinary Medicine Academy Main building
Vul. Stryiska – monument to the War Glory of the Soviet Army
Prosp. Svobody – former monument to Stalin Constitution (does not exist)
Vul. Ivana Franka – Bust to Ivan Franko
Prosp. Chornovola – Lviv Ghetto Victims memorial
Prosp. Chervonoi Kalyny, 81 – the Oleksandr Dovzhenko Cinema Palace
Prosp. Chornovola, 4 – Oblast Statistical Department Building
Vul. Volodymyra Velykoho, 2 – the Vilna Ukraina (Free Ukraine) Print Works
Vul. Starosolskych, 6 – Academic Center #2 of Lviv Polytechnic National University
Vul. Starosolskych, 8 – Student Refectory of Lviv Polytechnic National University
Vul. Starosolskych, 2/4 – Lviv Polytechnical National University Laboratory and Academic Center #1
Vul. Bandery, 28a – Lviv Polytechnic National University building
Vul. Henerala Chuprynky, 71 – the Mistoproekt Institute
Sources
Buchli, V. (2000). An archaeology of socialism. Oxford ; New York, Berg Publishers.
Bater, J. H. (1980). The Soviet city : ideal and reality. London, E. Arnold 1980: 163-170.
Crowley, D. and S. E. Reid (2002). Socialist spaces : sites of everyday life in the Eastern Bloc. New York, NY., Berg Publishers.
French, R. A. 1995. Plans, pragmatism and people: the legacy of Soviet planning for today's cities. Changing Eastern Europe; 2. London: UCL Press.
Shaw, D. J. B. (1991). Restructuring the Soviet City. The Soviet Union : a new regional geography? M. Bradshaw. London ; New York, Belhaven Press : Halsted Press: 67-82.
Smith, D. (1996) The Socialist City. In Cities after socialism : urban and regional change and conflict in post-socialist societies. Andrusz, G. D. et al.Oxford, Blackwell, 71-99.